Introduction

Welcome to Behavior is Language, an interactive computer-based instruction course, designed to give you a new perspective on student behavior and effective tools for facilitating positive student change. Behavior is Language provides a developmental framework for understanding what students are trying to tell you through the “language” of their behavior. The course teaches behavioral techniques and intervention strategies that remediate disruptive behaviors, reduce power struggles while increasing classroom control and reduce your workloads and burnout. This program helps you, as well as students, find creative, effective solutions to behavioral problems.

After you have completed your studies in the chapters on behavioral theory and interventions, you will be presented with various classroom scenarios in which you will be able to practice and hone your skills for interpreting behavior, determining appropriate interventions and effectively debriefing your students.

This computer-based instruction course is a self-supporting program that provides instruction, structured practice, and evaluation all on your home or school computer. Technical support information can be found, in the Help section of your course.

Online or CD-Rom Course Materials

Title: Behavior is Language: Strategies for Managing Disruptive Behavior

Author: Mick Jackson MS/ED, Mark Trullinger MS/ED, Francine Salkin RCSW

Publisher: Virtual Education Software, inc.1995, Revised 2004, Revised 2010

Instructor: Mick Jackson MS/ED

Required Textbooks

Walker, J.E. (2006). Behavior Management: A Practical Approach for Educators (9th ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall (Textbook Exam 1).

Watson, G. (1998). Classroom Discipline Problem Solver: Ready-to-Use Techniques & Materials for Managing All Kinds of Behavior Problems. New York, NY: John Wiley & Sons (Textbook Exam 2).

Academic Integrity Statement

The structure and format of most distance-learning courses presume a high level of personal and academic integrity in completion and submission of coursework. Individuals enrolled in a distance-learning course are expected to adhere to the following standards of academic conduct.

Academic Work

Academic work submitted by the individual (such as papers, assignments, reports, tests) shall be the student’s own work or appropriately attributed, in part or in whole, to its correct source. Submission of commercially prepared (or group prepared) materials as if they are one’s own work is unacceptable.

Aiding Honesty in Others

The individual will encourage honesty in others by refraining from providing materials or information to another person with knowledge that these materials or information will be used improperly.

Violations of these academic standards will result in the assignment of a failing grade and subsequent loss of credit for the course.

Level of Application

This course is designed to be an informational course with application to work or work-related settings. The intervention strategies are designed to be used in the remediation of behavioral problems with students ranging in age from approximately 10 to 18 years. Some alterations may be needed if you are working with younger children.

Course Objectives

· To enhance your skills in working with problem students

· To improve your ability to identify and understand underlying emotional issues

· To heighten your understanding of the problems underlying many difficult behaviors

· To increase the number of intervention strategies available to remediate disruptive behaviors

· To help you develop classroom management skills while reducing classroom stress

· To provide you with tools that can help reduce power struggles in the classroom

· To help you significantly reduce feelings of ineffectiveness and burnout resulting from difficult and disruptive student behaviors

Course Description

The course, Behavior is Language, has been divided into four chapters. The first two chapters, Behavior is Language (BIL) Parts I & II, explain why we choose to view student behavior as a kind of unspoken language. These two chapters provide a framework for understanding why certain students react to teachers, aides, peers and society in such dysfunctional, disruptive behavioral patterns. There are twenty subject areas, which are sequential and should be completed in the order in which they are presented in the program. After completing these twenty areas you should have the basic framework for understanding what causes the dysfunctional patterns that lead to the majority of students' behavioral problems in the classroom and other school settings. This information is not designed to be the total encyclopedia of aberrant student behavior. To cover all areas and issues affecting students' behavior would take hundreds of hours of research. However, these chapters should give you a firm grasp on how to begin interpreting students' behavior into an understandable language.

Chapters 3 and 4 describe intervention strategies, which we refer to as “clubs.” We will present twenty intervention strategies that remediate difficult student behavior. Don't be upset if you have heard of, or even used, some of these intervention techniques before. How and when an intervention strategy is used goes a long way in determining its effectiveness. These strategies are designed to be effective when used with the new framework of understanding presented in the previous chapters. The clubs themselves are used not only to remediate behavior, but also to help you gain further insight into a student's self view and world view. Using them in the manner and style in which they are presented will take you out of many power struggle situations. It also will place ownership of problems back on the student. These intervention strategies can be used in a step-by-step manner as natural classroom consequences for disruptive behaviors or rule violations.

The exercises in chapters 3 and 4 are followed by scenarios. In the scenarios you are introduced to 15 students with various backgrounds, emotional issues and behavioral problems. Various classroom, school and social situations will be presented to you, and it will be your job to determine which intervention strategy would be most effective in remediating that particular student's behavior. You will notice that some of the scenarios are similar, but the students involved are different. This has been done to illustrate the point that the same behaviors may need to be handled in different ways. A student's background, behavioral history and current situation all play a role in behavioral intervention and remediation.

First there are practice scenarios, followed by graded scenarios. Chapters 3 and 4 require that you pass the graded scenarios with a score of 70% or higher before you can access the exam for that chapter.

After completing each chapter you will be required to take an examination.

Student Expectations

As a student, you will be expected to:

· Complete all information chapters covering Behavior is Language, showing a competent understanding of the material presented.

· Complete all chapter exams covering Behavior is Language, showing a competent understanding of the material presented.

· Complete classroom scenarios, showing a minimum mastery of 70% on course content.

· Complete a review of any chapter on which your examination score was below 70%.

· Retake any examination, after completing an information review, to increase that final examination score to a minimum of 70% (maximum of three attempts).

· Complete all course journal article and essay writing assignments with the minimum word count shown for each writing assignment.

· Complete a final case study paper.

· Complete two textbook reading assignments and subsequent exams.

· Complete a course evaluation form at the end of the course.

Chapter Topics

Chapter 1: Behavior is Language! – Part I

Behavior Is Meaningful -- What is meant by this term and why does it matter?
World View -- How do impaired children view their environment?
Self View -- What are the underlying beliefs that cause children to react in certain ways?
Scripting -- How do children script us into playing roles for which we are not prepared?
Safety Is Everything -- The key to all student intervention and change. How do you build a safe environment?
Building Consistency -- How do we build classroom consistency to facilitate positive student change?
Building Trust -- How is trust related to consistency and safety, and what is its importance to remediation?
Illusion of Control -- Who truly controls a student's behavior?
Power Struggles -- What are they and how do you avoid them?
Letting Go -- Can you maintain classroom control by giving more control to your students?

Dead End -- How do you keep out of situations that trap you into lose-lose situations?
Outside the Classroom -- How can you use this information in all parts of your life?
Personal Space -- Why do students need to be aware of their and other people’s body space?

Chapter 2: Behavior is Language! – Part II

Counter Transference -- What is it and how does it affect your work with your students?
Family Dynamics -- What information is important to know about the family before you attempt to remediate a student's disruptive classroom behaviors?
Sibling Rivalry -- How are sibling roles brought into the classroom and played out with peers?
Enmeshment -- How does this family dysfunction play a part in a student's classroom behavior?
Gathering Information -- What information is essential to gather before and during your work with a student, and where do you look for this information?
Avoiding the Blame Game -- How do you keep from using the family dysfunction as a scapegoat?
Ego Tortures -- How do we make our own job more difficult by the things we think and say to ourselves?

Chapter 3: Intervention Strategies (CLUBS) – Part I

1. Reminders -- What are these? How and when should they be used?

2. Interruptive Time-Out -- How can you make this strategy work more effectively?

3. Time-Out with Verbal Debrief -- When should aberrant behavior be discussed with the student?

4. Time-Out with Written Debrief – When should a written debrief be used?

5. Quiet Room with Verbal Debrief -- What is this and what is its remedial goal?

6. Quiet Room with Written Debrief -- Why and when should verbal and written remediation be used?

7. Quiet Room with Calming Activity -- What can be done before a child acts out?

8. Floating Consequences -- How do you make sure consequences affect the students and not you?

9. Self Time-Out -- What can a student do to monitor his/her own emotional levels?

10. Stop Action -- How can you make students accountable for classroom behavioral problems?

11. In-school Suspension -- When do you use higher-level consequences for extreme behaviors?

12. Isolation Areas -- How do you set up effective isolation areas within your classroom?

Chapter 4: Intervention Strategies (CLUBS) – Part II

1. Silent Observer -- How can a student participate in key classes or activities, even when receiving a consequence for disruptive behavior?

2. Natural Consequences -- How do we set consequences so they closely match the negative behavior?

3. Symbolic Consequences -- How can you assign consequences that will be meaningful to the student, even when restricted by your environment?

4. Support Groups -- How do you use the peer group to help support students in crisis?

5. OSS -- What behaviors constitute an out-of-school suspension; what tasks should be assigned to the student while out of school; and how should the student re-enter the classroom?

6. Consequence Ladder -- How do you individualize your classroom remediation and discipline strategies to meet the needs of the individual student?

7. Grandma's Rule -- What is it and why is it important in the classroom setting?

8. Individual Program Adjustment -- When and how do you adjust a student's regular program to meet his/her needs when in crisis?

9. Attunement/Claiming -- Why is it important that a student feel claimed in your classroom and how do you help a student attune to your program?

10. Working Harder -- Do we need to do more as teachers to get better?

Practice Section Scenarios

A set of classroom scenarios will be presented after you complete chapter 3 and after you complete chapter 4. The scenarios will ask you questions about various student behaviors and how you would deal with those behaviors in a classroom setting. Feedback on your answers will be given to you after each scenario.

The sequence for chapters 3 and 4 is the same. You must read the chapter, complete the practice scenarios and then take the graded scenarios. Once you have achieved a minimum score of 70% on the graded scenarios, you may continue on to the chapter exam. If you do not pass the graded scenario you may retake them. The course will track your score.

Examinations

At the end of each chapter, you will be expected to complete an examination designed to assess your knowledge. You will also be required to complete examinations to evaluate your comprehension of the required textbook reading assignments. You may take these exams a total of three times. Your last score will save, not the highest score. After your third attempt, each examination will lock and not allow further access. The average from your chapter exam scores and textbook exam scores will be printed on your certificate (your graded scenario scores are not included in this average). However, this is not your final grade since your required writing assignments have not been reviewed. Exceptionally written or poorly written required writing assignments, or violation of the academic integrity policy in the course syllabus, will affect your grade. As this is a self-paced computerized instruction program, you may review course information as often as necessary. You will not be able to exit any examinations until you have answered all questions. If you try to exit the exam section before you complete all questions, your information will be lost. You are expected to complete the entire exam in one sitting.

Writing Assignments

This course has three required writing components.

To save your Critical THinking Questions & journal article reviews:

When you select the question or article you wish to write on, simple text or text edit will

automatically be launched. When you are finished, simply click SAVE.

You must SAVE before you write another essay or move on to another part of the course.

1) Essay Requirement: Critical Thinking Questions

There is a Critical Thinking Question for each chapter. You will do research on the question and write a brief essay relating it to the course content (and your personal experiences when possible). To view the questions, click on REQUIRED ESSAY and choose the Critical Thinking Question that you would like to complete; this will bring up a screen where you may enter your essay. You must write a minimum of 500 words per essay.

You must SAVE before you write another essay or move on to another part of the course.

2) Essay Requirement: Journal Articles

This task requires you to write a review of three journal articles of your choice on a topic related to this course. You may choose your topic by entering the Key Words (click on the Key Words button) into a search engine of your choice (Google, Dogpile, Yahoo, etc.). Choose three relevant articles and write a 200-word review of each. You may also access the ERIC system and choose a related topic from a journal listed in that system. Or you can access www.scholar.google.com or www.findarticles.com.Write a critical summary of the information given in each article, explaining how the information relates to, supports, or refutes information given in this course. Conclude your paper with your thoughts and impressions. (200 words per journal article minimum, 400 words maximum.) Be sure to provide the journal name, volume, date, and any other critical information to allow the instructor to access and review that article.

To write your essays, click on REQUIRED ESSAY and choose the Journal Article that you would like to complete; this will bring up a screen where you can write your review. When you are ready to stop, click SAVE. You may go back at any point to edit your essays. For more information on the features of this assignment, please consult the HELP menu.

You must SAVE before you write another essay or move on to another part of the course.

3) Essay Requirement: Final Case Study Paper - this assignment is completed outside of the course program and should be emailed to: grades@virtualeduc.com

You are required to complete a final case study paper. Please refer to the course addendum, which will provide you with the specific requirements for this final case study paper.

Textbook Reading Assignments & Exams

This course has two textbook reading assignments and subsequent exams that you will be required to complete.

You are required to read two textbooks (please refer to course addendum for titles and authors of the books you are required to read) and then you will take two 25-question examinations to assess your comprehension of the material covered. You may take these exams a total of three times. Your last score will save, not the highest score. After your third attempt, each examination will lock and not allow further access. To take the exams for the textbook reading assignments, click on EXAMS and then on the appropriate textbook exam toolbar (TEXTBOOK EXAM 1 or TEXTBOOK EXAM 2). You must score a minimum of 70% on these exams to pass this course.

Instructor Description

Behavior is Language was developed by a team of professionals with educational backgrounds in the areas of psychology, mental health, special education, behavioral intervention, and general education. Mick Jackson MS/ED is an Intervention Specialist with a Master's Degree in Special Education, Behavioral Theory. Mr. Jackson has 15 years of combined experience in self-contained special education classrooms, resource rooms, and hospital day treatment in K-12 settings. He has developed and overseen mental health and intervention programs and directed staff in four states. Mr. Jackson has worked as a higher education adjunct faculty teaching distance courses in behavioral theory, Attention Deficit Disorder and reading remediation for the past 14 years. Currently his courses are being offered through distance education programs with over 70 colleges and universities nationwide. He is the current President and Dean of Faculty for Virtual Education Software and has been working on distance course development since 1995.

Contacting the Instructor

You may contact the instructor by emailing Mick at mick@virtualeduc.com or calling him at 509-891-7219, Monday through Friday, 8:00 a.m. - 5:00 p.m. PST. Phone messages will be answered within 24 hours. Phone conferences will be limited to ten minutes per student, per day, given that this is a self-paced instructional program. Please do not contact the instructor about technical problems, course glitches or other issues that involve the operation of the course.

Technical Questions

If you have questions or problems related to the operation of this course, please try everything twice. If the problem persists please check our support pages for FAQs and known issues at www.virtualeduc.com and also the Help section of your course.

If you need personal assistance then email support@virtualeduc.com or call (509) 891-7219. When contacting technical support, please know your course version number (it is located at the bottom left side of the Welcome Screen) and your operating system, and be seated in front of the computer at the time of your call.

Minimum Computer Requirements

Please refer to VESi’s website: www.virtualeduc.com or contact VESi if you have further questions about the compatibility of your operating system.

Refer to the addendum regarding Grading Criteria, Course Completion Information, Items to be Submitted, and how to submit your completed information.

Bibliography (Suggested Readings)

Eldevik, Sigmund, Jahr, Erik, Eikeseth, Svein, Hastings, Richard P., & Hughes, Carl J. (2010). Cognitive and adaptive behavior outcomes of behavioral intervention for young children with intellectual disability. Behavior Modification, 34(1), 16-34.

Porter, Maggie L., Hernandez-Reif, Maria, & Jessee, Peggy. (2009, Dec.). Play therapy. Early Child Development and Care, 179(8),1025-1040.

Stewart, C. D., Quinn, A., Plever, S., & Emmerson, B. (2009, Oct.). Comparing cognitive behavior therapy, problem solving therapy, and treatment as usual in a high risk population. Suicide and Life-Threatening Behavior, 39(5), 538-547.

McIntosh, Kent, Campbell, Amy L., Carter, Deborah Russell, & Dickey, Celeste Rossetto. (2009). Differential effects of a tier two behavior intervention based on function of problem behavior. Journal of Positive Behavior Interventions,11(2), 82-93.

Chosak, Anne, Marques, Luana, Fama, Jeanne, Renaud, Stefanie, & Wilhelm, Sabine. (2009, Feb.). Cognitive therapy for Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder: A case example. Cognitive and Behavioral Practice, 16(1), 7-17.

Freiberg, H. Jerome, & Lamb, Stacey M. (2009). Dimensions of person-centered classroom management. Theory Into Practice, 48(2), 99-105.

Beck, Judith S. (2005). Cognitive therapy for challenging problems: What to do when the basics don't work. New York: Guilford Press.

Beck, Judith S., & Beck, Aaron T., with Jolly, John B. (2005). Beck Youth Inventories (2nd ed.). New York: Guilford Press.

Center, D. B., & Kemp, D. (2003). Temperament and personality as potential factors in the development and treatment of conduct disorders. Education and Treatment of Children, 26(1), 75-88.

Connor, Daniel F. (2002). Aggression & antisocial behavior in children and adolescents. Research and treatment. New York: Guilford Press. (ERIC Identifier: ED465932)

Fennerty, Dan, Lambert, Connie, & Majsterek, David. (2000). Behavior rating scales: An analysis. (ERIC Identifier: ED442042)

Franklin, Margery B. (1999). Meanings of play in the developmental interaction tradition. Bronxville, New York: Sarah Lawrence College. (Clearinghouse Identifier: PS028337)

Gordon, Debra G. (2001). Classroom management: Problems and solutions. Music Educators Journal, 88(2), 17-23.

Hoffman, Catherine C., DeHaven Bader, Beth, Hanley, Tom V., Warger, Cynthia L., Osher, David, & Quinn, Mary Magee. (2000). Teaching and working with children who have emotional and behavioral challenges. US: Sopris West. (ERIC ED466076)

Jones, Kevin, Ervin, Ruth, Robinson, Sheri L., Neddenriep, Christine E., & Skinner, Christopher H. (2002). Altering educational environments through positive peer reporting: Prevention and remediation of social problems associated with behavior disorders. Psychology in the Schools, 39, 1-12. (ERIC EJ642606)

Kroes, Gert, Veerman, Jan W., & DeBruyn, Eric E.J. (2005, April). The impact of the big five personality traits on reports of child behavior problems by different informants. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 33(2), 231-240.

Lazarus, Arnold A. (2002). Multimodal therapy. American Psychological Association Psychotherapy Video Series. (ERIC Identifier: ED470411)

Leichsenring, Falk, & Leibing, Eric. (2005). The effectiveness of psychodynamic therapy and cognitive behavior therapy in the treatment of personality disorders: A meta-analysis. Focus, 3, 417-428.

Reid, John B., Patterson, Gerald R., & Snyder, James. (2004). Antisocial behavior in children and adolescents: A developmental analysis and model for intervention. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.

Richardson, Rita C., & Evans, Elizabeth T. (1997). Options for managing student behavior: Adaptations for individual needs. Presentation presented at the Council for Exceptional Children Annual Convention, Salt Lake City, April 9-13. (Clearinghouse Identifier: EC305690)

Walen, S. R., DiGiuseppe, R., & Wessler, R. L. (1992). A practitioner’s guide to Rational-Emotive Therapy. New York: Oxford University Press.

Wood, Mary M., Brendtro, Larry K., Fecser, Frank A., & Nichols, Polly. (1999). Psychoeducation: An idea whose time has come. From the Third CCBD Mini-Library Series, What Works for Children and Youth with E/BD: Linking Yesterday and Today with Tomorrow. Council on Exceptional Children. (Clearinghouse Identifier: EC307489)

Course content is updated every three years. Due to this update timeline, some URL links may no longer be active or may have changed. Please type the title of the organization into the command line of any Internet browser search window and you will be able to find whether the URL link is still active or any new link to the corresponding organization's web home page.

Updated 3/7/12 JN