Introduction

This course is about violence in America, about the aggression in our schools, classrooms, streets, homes and elsewhere. The course speaks to the hate, the fights, the anger, the crimes committed and the victims in our schools and society. It is a course about students, children, teenagers, adults and neighbors, all of us.

The course will consider the many forms of aggression, both criminal and otherwise; its costs and motivation; its perpetrators and targets; its likely and unlikely locations; its impact on our schools, the children; and, most especially, its several causes and promising solutions.

Topics of interest will include violence and the challenge of raising and working with children; aggression in our classrooms; American youth gangs and their influence; past and future sports violence; “hot spot” locations of frequent violence; and the aggression-promoting role of alcohol, temperature, driving, television and other features of modern life. The course also will answer questions such as: Is aggression always bad? How do aggressive thoughts lead to aggressive actions? Is aggression, at least for some people, an addiction? Does the victim contribute to being attacked? Is dating a dangerous proposition? How are the acts of aggression dealt with in other countries, and are there any lessons for America?

The goal of this course is to help educators and adults in general better understand how aggression affects our lives and the lives of children. Hopefully such greater understanding and more skilled efforts at prevention will substantially reduce the aggression and violence that has become all too common in America’s schools.

This computer-based instruction course is a self-supporting program that provides instruction, structured practice, and evaluation all on your home or school computer. Technical support information can be found, in the Help section of your course.

Course Materials

Title: Understanding Aggression: Coping with Aggressive Behavior in the Classroom

Instructor: Dr. Michael Sedler

Publisher: Virtual Education Software, inc. 2002, Revised 2008, Revised 2010

Academic Integrity Statement

The structure and format of most distance-learning courses presume a high level of personal and academic integrity in completion and submission of coursework. Individuals enrolled in a distance-learning course are expected to adhere to the following standards of academic conduct.

Academic Work

Academic work submitted by the individual (such as papers, assignments, reports, tests) shall be the student’s own work or appropriately attributed, in part or in whole, to its correct source. Submission of commercially prepared (or group prepared) materials as if they are one’s own work is unacceptable.

Aiding Honesty in Others

The individual will encourage honesty in others by refraining from providing materials or information to another person with knowledge that these materials or information will be used improperly.

Violations of these academic standards will result in the assignment of a failing grade and subsequent loss of credit for the course.

Level of Application

This course is designed to be an informational course with application to work or work-related settings. The intervention strategies are designed to be used with students having high aggression and violent tendencies, ranging in age from approximately three to eighteen years of age.

Course Objectives

1) To review the history of aggression and how society came to be such an aggressive place

2) To identify the causes of aggressive behavior, both internal and external

3) To explain how aggression is expressed in various social settings such as schoolyards, classrooms, sports, homes, etc.

4) To identify perpetrators and victims of aggression and violence

5) To identify locations of high aggression and violence

6) To provide solutions for reducing aggression and violence in classroom and other school settings

7) To provide information on how educators can help students/children reduce feelings of aggression and violent tendencies

Course Description

The course, Understanding Aggression, has been divided into four chapters and five to ten exercises within each chapter. The first chapter reviews the history of aggression in America. It explains how we (the country) got to where we are in terms of aggression and violence. The chapter discusses the cost of aggression. It asks the question: Is America Safe? It discusses whether aggression is always bad. The chapter concludes with odds and ends and aggression in general.

The second chapter deals with how we have learned to be aggressive. It discusses how aggressive thoughts many times become aggressive actions. The course reviews the “us versus them” side of aggression and violence. Chapter 2 also deals with how alcohol, temperature and driving can increase aggression and violence. The chapter reviews the role of television and how TV may be a tutor for violent behavior. Is high aggression often found in people who tend to have low empathy? This chapter will discuss this issue. The chapter will also cover how words and teasing can be expressions and forms of aggression.

The third chapter centers on aggression and violence as crimes. It explores arson, assault and crimes of fear. The chapter also will discuss vigilante justice and/or injustice. Along with criminal aggression the chapter takes a look at guns and gangs in America’s schools; how bullying affects our schools and classrooms; how dress can affect acts of aggression and violence in schools and society. The chapter speaks to sexual harassment and the aggression involved with acts of harassment. There are also several sections on aggression and violence in the home, parental fighting and how this affects children in the home.

Chapter 4 speaks to working with and raising children to resist violence. It gives suggestions to educators and parents on how to deal with and counteract aggressive or violent behavior. This chapter deals with dating, and how it can be impacted by aggressive behavior and date violence. It speaks to how television affects the aggressive behavior of our children. The chapter reviews child tantrums, and what to do about them. Chapter 4 is summarized with several exercises on win-win scenarios for remediation and effective problem solving techniques.

The chapters and exercises are sequential and, although it is not required, they should be completed in the order in which they are presented in the program. After completing these four chapters you should have a framework for understanding and working with aggressive behavior. This also may help you understand why students with high aggression are a challenge in a regular education setting.

After you complete each chapter of the course, an examination will be used to evaluate your knowledge and ability to apply what you’ve learned. An explanation of the examinations will be given later in this syllabus.

Student Expectations

As a student you will be expected to:

1) Complete all information chapters covering aggression, showing a competent understanding of the material presented.

2) Complete all examinations, showing a competent understanding of the material presented.

3) Complete a review of any chapter on which your examination score was below 70%.

4) Retake any chapter examination, after completing an information review, to increase that examination score to a minimum of 70% (maximum of three attempts).

5) Complete all course journal article and essay writing assignments with the minimum word count shown for each writing assignment.

6) Complete a course evaluation form at the end of the course.

Chapter 1: Introduction and Characteristics

· Introduction

· How Did We Get Here?

· The Costs of Aggression

· Is Aggression Always Bad?

· America, the Safe

Chapter 2: Behaviors and Techniques

· Learning to Be Aggressive

· Us Versus Them

· Aggressive Thoughts and Aggressive Actions

· Low Empathy, High Aggression

· Television as a Tutor: Aggression 101

· Alcohol and Aggression: Courage in a Bottle

· Does the Victim Help Cause Violence?

· Words That Hurt

· Hot Days, Hot Tempers

· Auto Aggression

· Jump! Jump! The Suicide-baiting Crowd

Chapter 3: Acts and Forms of Violence

· The Journey to Crime

· Other Acts of Aggression

· Vigilante Injustice

· Fear of Crime

· The Home and Family

· Sports Violence: Past, Present and Future

· Play Fighting and Real Fighting – Is there a Connection?

· The Ride to and Through School: Safe or Scary?

· Teaching Prosocial Behavior to Antisocial Youth

· A Short Course on Gangs

Chapter 4: Preventing Violence

· Raising Children to Resist Violence

· Tantrums

· Nonaggressive Children From Aggressive Environments

· Dating as a Dangerous Game

· Let’s Both Calm Down, Then We’ll Talk

· Take my Wife, Please

· Why Is Aggression so Hard to Change?

· Downsizing Deviance

· Complex Problems Demand Complex Solutions

· A Look to the Future

Examinations

At the end of each course chapter, you will be expected to complete an examination designed to assess your knowledge. You may take these exams a total of three times. Your last score will save, not the highest score. After your third attempt, each examination will lock and not allow further access. The average from your exam scores will be printed on your certificate. However, this is not your final grade since your required writing assignments have not been reviewed. Exceptionally written or poorly written required writing assignments, or violation of the academic integrity policy in the course syllabus, will affect your grade. As this is a self-paced computerized instruction program, you may review course information as often as necessary. You will not be able to exit any examinations until you have answered all questions. If you try to exit the exam before you complete all questions, your information will be lost. You are expected to complete the entire exam in one sitting.

Writing Assignments

This course has two required writing components.

To save your essays:

When you select the question or article you wish to write on, simple text or text edit will

automatically be launched. When you are finished, simply click SAVE.

You must SAVE before you write another essay or move on to another part of the course.

1) Essay Requirement: Critical Thinking Questions

There is a Critical Thinking Question for each chapter. You will do research on the question and write a brief essay relating it to the course content (and your personal experiences when possible). To view the questions, click on REQUIRED ESSAY and choose the Critical Thinking Question that you would like to complete; this will bring up a screen where you may enter your essay. You must write a minimum of 500 words per essay.

You must SAVE before you write another essay or move on to another part of the course.

2) Essay Requirement: Journal Articles

This task requires you to write a review of three journal articles of your choice on a topic related to this course. You may choose your topic by entering the Key Words (click on the Key Words button) into a search engine of your choice (Google, Dogpile, Yahoo, etc.). Choose three relevant articles and write a 200-word review of each. You may also access the ERIC system and choose a related topic from a journal listed in that system. Or you can access www.scholar.google.com or www.findarticles.com .Write a critical summary of the information given in each article, explaining how the information relates to, supports, or refutes information given in this course. Conclude your paper with your thoughts and impressions. (200 words per journal article minimum, 400 words maximum.) Be sure to provide the journal name, volume, date, and any other critical information to allow the instructor to access and review that article.

To write your essays, click on REQUIRED ESSAY and choose the Journal Article that you would like to complete; this will bring up a screen where you can write your review. When you are ready to stop, click SAVE. You may go back at any point to edit your essays. For more information on the features of this assignment, please consult the HELP menu.

You must SAVE before you write another essay or move on to another part of the course.

Instructor Description

Dr. Michael Sedler has presented seminars and classes throughout the Pacific Northwest and Canada. Dr. Sedler has worked as an administrator, behavior specialist, teacher and social worker within the public school setting. Dr. Sedler is an adjunct professor for two universities in the state of Washington and has been a professor for a college in Georgia. He has been a consultant for governmental agencies and worked for a state correctional facility for juveniles and for a community mental health agency. His 15 years of public education experience combined with business experience increases his knowledge base for course delivery. He has presented in schools, hospitals, residential settings and for businesses in the public and private sectors.

Contacting the Instructor

You may contact the instructor by emailing michaels@virtualeduc.com or by calling (509) 891-7219 Monday through Thursday. When calling during office hours messages will be answered within 24 hours. Phone conferences will be limited to ten minutes per student, per day, given that this is a self-paced instructional program. Please do not contact the instructor about technical problems, course glitches or other issues that involve the operation of the course.

Technical Questions

If you have questions or problems related to the operation of this course, please try everything twice. If the problem persists please check our support pages for FAQs and known issues at www.virtualeduc.com and also the Help section of your course.

If you need personal assistance then email support@virtualeduc.com or call (509) 891-7219. When contacting technical support, please know your course version number (it is located at the bottom left side of the Welcome Screen) and your operating system, and be seated in front of the computer at the time of your call.

Minimum Computer Requirements

Please refer to VESi’s website: www.virtualeduc.com or contact VESi if you have further questions about the compatibility of your operating system.

Refer to the addendum regarding Grading Criteria, Course Completion Information, Items to be Submitted, and how to submit your completed information.

Bibliography (Suggested Readings)

Carr, Tom. (2003). When all else fails. Chapin, SC: Youthlight, Inc. Helping professionals with disruptive students (grades K-12). www.youthlight.com 800-365-9774.

Carr, Tom. (2005). 141 creative strategies for reaching adolescents. Chapin, SC: Youthlight, Inc. Intervention approaches for teens (grades 5-12). www.youthlight.com 800-365-9774.

Carter, Les. (2004). The anger trap. San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass. A book to help people understand the cycle of anger (Adult). www.josseybass.com 800-225-5945.

Fitzell, Susan Gringas. (2007). Transforming anger to personal power. Champaign, IL: Research Press. Teaching anger management (grades 6-12). www.researchpress.com 800-519-2707.

Glasser, William. (1999). Choice Theory. New York, NY: HarperCollins Publishers. Evaluating one’s life and outlook. (Adults) www.harpercollins.com 800-242-7737.

Goldstein, Arnold. (1998). Aggression Replacement Training. Champaign, IL: Research Press. 1998. Social skills manual for working with aggressive youth (grades 7-12). www.researchpress.com (800) 519-2707.

Greene, Ross. (2005). The explosive child. Boys Town, NE: Boys Town Press. Ideas for understanding and working with inflexible children and explosive situations (K-8). www.boystownpress.org 800-282-6657.

Hudley, Cynthia. (2008). You did that on purpose. New York, NY: The Guilford Press. Strategies and interventions to reduce aggression. (grades 4-12). www.guilford.com 800-365-7006.

Maxym, Carol. (2001). Teens in turmoil. Boys Town, NE: Boys Town Press. Helps parents and teachers turn fear and desperation into hope for the out-of-control child (K-12). www.boystownpress.org 800-282-6657.

McFadden, Anna, & Cooper, Kathy. (2004). Leave no angry child behind. Courage to Change. Chapin, SC: Youthlight. 160 proactive tips and strategies to reducing anger in students (grades K-12). www.couragetochange.com 800-440-4003.

Nelsen, Jane, et al. (2006). Positive Discipline Series. Empowering People Inc. New York, NY: Ballantine Books. Create cooperation and self-discipline in students (grades K-12, series). www.empoweringpeople.com 800-456-7770.

Simmons, Rachel. (2005). Odd girl out: The hidden culture of aggression in girls. New York, NY: Harcourt Books. Understanding the culture of aggression in girls. (grades 7-12) www.harcourtbooks.com 800-543-1918.

Verdick, Elizabeth, & Visovskis, Marjorie. (2002). How to take the grrr out of anger. Minneapolis, MN: Free Spirit Publishing. Helping children to work through anger (grades 2-6). www.freespirit.com 800-724-6527.

Vernon, Ann. (2006). Thinking, feeling, behaving. Champaign, IL: Research Press. Helping children address thoughts and consequences (grades K-12, series). www.researchpress.com 800-519-2707.

Course content is updated every three years. Due to this update timeline, some URL links may no longer be active or may have changed. Please type the title of the organization into the command line of any Internet browser search window and you will be able to find whether the URL link is still active or any new link to the corresponding organization's web home page.

Updated 9/14/11 JN